#CiudadaníaRegional
Con el objetivo de fortalecer el proceso de integración regional, fueron implementados, a partir del año 2009, instrumentos que facilitan la libre circulación de personas entre los países que conforman el MERCOSUR, a través del “Acuerdo sobre Residencia para los Nacionales de los Estados Partes del MERCOSUR” y del “Acuerdo sobre Residencia para los Nacionales de los Estados Partes del MERCOSUR, Bolivia y Chile”.
Los mecanismos conceden a los ciudadanos del MERCOSUR el derecho a obtener la residencia legal en el territorio de otro Estado Parte. Actualmente se encuentran en vigencia para Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, Chile, Perú, Colombia y Ecuador.
¿Cómo se tramita la Residencia Legal en otro país parte del Acuerdo?
Pueden solicitar la residencia legal:
Los nacionales de los países partes del Acuerdo, que deseen establecerse en el territorio de otro país parte del Acuerdo y presenten la solicitud de ingreso al país y la documentación que les sea requerida ante el Consulado respectivo. A los efectos de la legalización de los documentos, es suficiente en este caso la certificación de su autenticidad, conforme a los procedimientos establecidos en el país de procedencia del documento.
Los nacionales de los países partes del Acuerdo, que ya se encuentren en el territorio de otro país parte del Acuerdo deseando establecerse en el mismo y presenten su solicitud y documentación ante la autoridad migratoria de dicho Estado. En este caso, para su legalización los documentos sólo deben certificarse por el agente consular del país del peticionante, acreditado en el país de recepción.
¿Por qué plazo se otorga la Residencia Legal?
La Representación Consular o los Servicios de Migración correspondientes podrán otorgar la Residencia Temporaria por un plazo de 2 años, la cual puede transformarse en Residencia Permanente si dentro de los 90 días previos a su vencimiento se tramita ante la autoridad migratoria del país de recepción, presentando la documentación necesaria.
¿Cuáles son los derechos que se adquieren con la Residencia Legal?
Igualdad de derechos civiles y libertades sociales, culturales y económicas de los nacionales del país de recepción, derecho a trabajar, derecho de petición ante las autoridades; derecho de entrada y salida del territorio de las Partes y libertad de culto.
A los miembros de la familia que no sean de la nacionalidad de alguno de los países parte del Acuerdo, se les otorga una residencia con la misma vigencia de aquella que posea la persona de la cual dependan; si por su nacionalidad necesitan visa para ingresar al país, deben tramitar la residencia ante la autoridad consular, salvo que de acuerdo a la normativa interna del país de recepción, no fuere necesario.
En materia laboral, los inmigrantes gozan de un trato no menos favorable al que reciben los nacionales del país de recepción, especialmente en materia de sueldo, condiciones de trabajo y seguros sociales.
Derecho a transferir remesas.
Los hijos de los inmigrantes que nazcan en el territorio del país parte del Acuerdo donde residen sus padres, tienen derecho a un nombre, al registro de su nacimiento y a tener una nacionalidad. Tienen también el derecho fundamental de acceso a la educación en condiciones de igualdad con los nacionales del país de recepción.
Trabajar en el MERCOSUR
Los nacionales del MERCOSUR que obtienen la residencia en otro Estado Parte están habilitados a trabajar en igualdad de condiciones que los nacionales del país donde haya obtenido la residencia, debiendo cumplir con las reglamentaciones específicas que la legislación laboral establece.
Los Acuerdos del Mercosur permiten unificar los aportes y cotizaciones realizados a la Seguridad Social de los trabajadores migrantes a efectos de la obtención de los beneficios previsionales.
En junio del 2008, en la ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, se realizó un seminario sobre la libre circulación de trabajadores y la integración fronteriza, que reforzó la convicción sobre la importancia que tiene la libre circulación de trabajadores para la integración regional, garantizando que todos los trabajadores y trabajadoras del MERCOSUR puedan acceder a un trabajo formal sin discriminación y con igualdad de oportunidades. Por ello, se elaboró una Cartilla con informaciones básicas para los ciudadanos del MERCOSUR, en particular para aquellos que pretendan trabajar en otro país del bloque, y estamos haciendo esfuerzos para integrar y armonizar nuestras políticas de inspección y de formación profesional.
Más información en Trabajar en el MERCOSUR
Fuente: mercosur.int
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